ENGLISH
SEMANTIC
ASSIGMENT BY:
ROFIATUS SYAMSIAH
NPM: 2008100320046
INSTITUT KEGURUAN DAN ILMU
PENDIDIKAN
BUDI UTOMO MALANG
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND HUMANIORA
SCIENCE
BAB I
INTRODUCTION
Semantics is the study of how meaning is conveyed through
signs
and language.
Linguistic semantics focuses on the history of how words have been used in the
past. General semantics is about how people mean and refer in terms of likely
intent and assumptions. These three kinds of semantics: Formal, Historical, and
General-Semantics are studied in many different branches of science (methods of
studying meaning vary widely). Understanding how facial
expressions, body language, and
tone
affect meaning, and how words, phrases, sentences, and punctuation relate to
meaning are examples of Semantics. Denotations are the literal or primary
meaning of word. Connotations are ideas or feelings that a word invokes for a
person in addition to its literal or primary meaning. during the 19th century
Philosopher John Stuart Mill defined semantic meaning with the words
"denotation" and "connotation” The original use of "meaning" as
understood early in the 20th century occurred through Lady Welby, after her
daughter translated the term "semantics" from French.
BAB II
ANALYSIS
Semantics is a study of the meaning of lexical items and other parts
of language. There are seven types of meaning in Semantics; conceptual,
connotative, stylistic, affective, reflected,
collocative and thematic meaning. This study focuses on only two of the types of meaning: conceptual meaning and connotative
meaning.
Now I will analysis about lyric sentence
in this song:
SOMETIMES
By: brithney spears
You
tell me you're in love with me
Like you can't take your pretty eyes away from me
It's not that I don't wanna stay
But every time you come too close I move away
I wanna believe in everything that you say
'Cause it sounds so good
But if you really want me, move slow
There's things about me you just have to know
[Chorus]
Sometimes I run (sometimes)
Sometimes I hide
Sometimes I'm scared of you
But all I really want is to hold you tight
Treat you right, be with you day and night
Baby all I need is time
I don't wanna be so shy
Every time that I'm alone I wonder why
Hope that you will wait for me
You'll see that you're the only one for me
I wanna believe in everything that you say
'Cause it sounds so good
But if you really want me, move slow
There's things about me you just have to know
[Chorus]
All I really want is to hold you tight
Treat you right, be with you day and night
Baby all I need is time
Just hang around and you'll see
There's nowhere I'd rather be
If you love me, trust in me
The way that I trust in you
[Chorus: x2]
All I really want is to hold you tight
Be with you day and night
Sometimes I run, (sometimes) sometimes I hide
Sometimes I'm scared of you
But all I really want is to hold you tight
Treat you right, be with you day and night
Like you can't take your pretty eyes away from me
It's not that I don't wanna stay
But every time you come too close I move away
I wanna believe in everything that you say
'Cause it sounds so good
But if you really want me, move slow
There's things about me you just have to know
[Chorus]
Sometimes I run (sometimes)
Sometimes I hide
Sometimes I'm scared of you
But all I really want is to hold you tight
Treat you right, be with you day and night
Baby all I need is time
I don't wanna be so shy
Every time that I'm alone I wonder why
Hope that you will wait for me
You'll see that you're the only one for me
I wanna believe in everything that you say
'Cause it sounds so good
But if you really want me, move slow
There's things about me you just have to know
[Chorus]
All I really want is to hold you tight
Treat you right, be with you day and night
Baby all I need is time
Just hang around and you'll see
There's nowhere I'd rather be
If you love me, trust in me
The way that I trust in you
[Chorus: x2]
All I really want is to hold you tight
Be with you day and night
Sometimes I run, (sometimes) sometimes I hide
Sometimes I'm scared of you
But all I really want is to hold you tight
Treat you right, be with you day and night
In this sentence
1. “Like you can't take your pretty eyes away
from me” Sentence can mean either:
ü “you
will take your pretty eyes form me”
ü “the
pretty eyes can’t take by you”
And
2.
“Baby
all I need is time” sentence can mean ether:
ü The
time is need baby
ü The
baby and I need time
ü The
baby need I and time
Sentence n0 1 and no2 are the
ambiguity because by particular semantic properties of the word pretty ,and
eyes .in the meaning of pretty includes something like” girl’s characteristic
“and not eyes.
In
this sentence no 1 also included in collective meaning , Collocative meaning is the
meaning which a word acquires in the company of certain words. Words collocate
or co-occur with certain words only e.g. Big business not large or
great.Collocative meaning refers to associations of a word because of its usual
or habitual co-occurrence with certain types of words. ‘Pretty’ and ‘handsome’
indicate ‘good looking’. However, they slightly differ from each other
because of collocation or co-occurrence. The word ‘pretty’ collocates
with – girls, woman, village, gardens, flowers, etc.On the other hand,
the word ‘handsome’ collocates with – ‘boys’ men, etc. so ‘pretty
woman’ and ‘handsome man’. While different kinds of attractiveness, hence
‘handsome woman’ may mean attractive but in a mannish way. The verbs ‘wander’
and ‘stroll’ are quasi-synonymous- they may have almost the same meaning
but while ‘cows may wonder into another farm’, they don’t stroll into that farm
because ‘stroll’ collocates with human subject only. Similarly one
‘trembles with fear’ but ‘quivers with excitement’. Collocative meanings need
to be invoked only when other categories of meaning don’t apply.
Generalizations can be made in case of other meanings while collocative meaning
is simply on idiosyncratic property of individual words. Collocative meaning
has its importance and it is a marginal kind of category.
Summary
of Seven Types of Meaning.
1.
Conceptual
Meaning = Logical, cognitive or connotative
content.
2.
Connotative
Meaning = What is communicated by virtue of what language
refers
3.
Social
Meaning = What is communicated of the social
circumstances of
language
4.
Affective
Meaning =
what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of
the speaker
through language.
5.
Reflected
Meaning . =
What is communicated through associations with
another Sense of the same world
6.
Collocative Meaning = What is communhcated through associations
with
words which co-occur with another word.
7.
Thematic Meaning =
What is communicated by the way in which the
message is organized in terms of order and emphasis
Conclusion:
Study of meaning, one of the major areas of linguistic
study. Linguists have approached it in a variety of ways. Members of the school
of interpretive semantics study the structures of language independent of their
conditions of use. In contrast, the advocates of generative semantics insist
that the meaning of sentences is a function of their use. Still another group
maintains that semantics will not advance until theorists take into account the
psychological questions of how people form concepts and how these relate to
word meanings.
In linguistics,
semantics is the subfield that is devoted to the study of meaning, as borne on
the syntactic levels of words, phrases, sentences, and even larger units of discourse
(referred to as texts). As with any empirical
science, semantics involves the interplay of concrete data with
theoretical concepts. Traditionally, semantics has included the study of
connotative sense and denotative reference, truth
conditions, argument
structure, thematic
roles, discourse
analysis, and the linkage of all of these to syntax.
According to Leech there are only seven types of meaning.
Meaning plays a vital role in understanding what is communicated. Thus, there
are seven types of meaning and they contributed much to the field of semantics.
The study of meaning is a new field of this analysis of meaning in field of
linguistics.
Literature
Song “sometimes”, by Brithney spears
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